From c196fdc036ab718822c4abadbd76b5ef684967e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Lars-Dominik Braun Date: Sun, 16 Oct 2016 16:40:02 +0200 Subject: Add more history, trivia and move to separate files --- eumel_logo.svg | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ history.rst | 20 +++++++++++++++++ index.rst | 69 +++------------------------------------------------------- internals.rst | 4 ++++ overview.rst | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ popularity.rst | 6 ++++- quickstart.rst | 34 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ trivia.rst | 22 +++++++++++++++++++ 8 files changed, 154 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-) create mode 100644 eumel_logo.svg create mode 100644 overview.rst create mode 100644 quickstart.rst create mode 100644 trivia.rst diff --git a/eumel_logo.svg b/eumel_logo.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..733855d --- /dev/null +++ b/eumel_logo.svg @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + + diff --git a/history.rst b/history.rst index 853b8d3..cf3dfd0 100644 --- a/history.rst +++ b/history.rst @@ -27,8 +27,28 @@ A year later, in 1979, details about EUMEL were published in GMD Spiegel [kloeckner79]_. Officially the cooperation between HRZ Bielefeld and GMD began in fall 1979 [gmdspiegel85d]_. +The original ELAN compiler written by Liedtke and Bartling was replaced by in +1982 as part of project MIKROS at GMD. Its replacement was written in CDL’s +successor, CDL2 [gmdbericht84]_. This work resulted in ports of EUMEL to +different processor architectures, starting with Olivetti M 20’s Zilog 8001. +This version was presented a year later at Hannover Messe 1983 +[computerwoche83a]_ [rechenanlagen83]_. + +For their efforts to `transfer EUMEL to Japan`_ a delegation consisting of +Konrad Klöckner, Jochen Liedtke, Peter Heyderhoff, Dietmar Heinrichs and Uwe +Beyer received the *Technologie-Transfer-Preis* worth 15.000 DM by Minister of +Scientific Research Heinz Riesenhuber on 1985-12-09. [happycomputer86]_ +[gmdspiegel85d]_ [generalanzeiger85]_ + +Another two years later, in October 1987, the spin-off company ERGOS (Ergonomic +Office Software GmbH) finally started marketing EUMEL to customers. GMD was +still responsible for development and maintenance of EUMEL and schulis until +1990 [gmdspiegel87c]_. + .. [#] See [gmdspiegel85a]_, [liedtke93]_, [gmdbericht84]_, [ambros90b]_ and [praxis1]_ +.. _transfer EUMEL to Japan: popularity_ + Releases ^^^^^^^^ diff --git a/index.rst b/index.rst index 012e1e8..441df74 100644 --- a/index.rst +++ b/index.rst @@ -24,78 +24,15 @@ systems as of 2016. .. contents:: -Overview --------- - -EUMEL is different from conventional operating systems in a lot of ways. Some -of them were neccessary due to hardware constraints at that time and others -were deliberatly designed this way. EUMEL’s key features are: - -Hardware independence - The OS has *two* hardware abstraction layers, significantly improving its - portability. The first one, Software/Hardware (SHard), provides functions - for a concrete machine, such as the Olivietti M20, Amiga ST or IBM PC - AT/XT. EUMEL0 (Urlader), the second layer, implements a virtual machine on - top of a specific processor architecture like Z80 or x86. Programs are - compiled into bytecode for this machine and thus independent of the actual - machine they are running on. -Single-level store - Every object (dataspace) lives in a single, virtual address space. The - memory is organized into pages, which can reside in memory or on disk. - The operating system transparently moves pages to disk if they have not - been in use lately and reads them back as soon as a process requests it - ([praxis2]_, p. 82). -Copy on write - Pages are shareable and EUMEL automatically unshares them if one copy is - written to. -Persistence - Every file and every task is a dataspace. Since they all reside in the - single-level store the machine can powered off and back on again, with all - tasks starting from the point where they left off. -Time-sharing and multi-user - A single machine running EUMEL is capable of serving multiple “thin - clients” connected via serial lines. - -Quick start ------------ - -Fortunately a set of 1.2 MB install floppy disks of EUMEL’s x86 port has been -preserved. It can be installed in any virtual machine emulating an -IBM PC. In this example we’re using qemu_. The `first disk`__ is optional and -contains `install instructions`_ in german language. The `second disk`__ is the -bootable setup programs. It creates a partition on the harddrive, formats it -and installs the SHard. `Disk three`__ contains EUMEL0 and base system. - -1. Create a 128 MB harddrive: ``qemu-img create root.img 128M`` -2. Start the setup program: ``qemu-system-i386 -drive - file=02_setup.img,if=floppy,format=raw -drive file=root.img,format=raw`` -3. Create a new partition by pressing ``1``, confirm with ``j`` and - accept the following defaults with or ``j``. -4. If the main screen is displayed again press ``0`` and confirm yet - again with ``j`` to exit setup. The screen should now read “E N D E”. -5. Quit qemu and restart it with the third floppy disk. The bootloader - complains that “HG ungueltig”. -6. Press any key followed by ``2`` and a confirmation with ``j``. Reset the - machine again. -7. Now we have to set up the keyboard layout and time. Select “Kanal 1” with - ``j``, then press ``n`` until ``pc.1.25`` is displayed and confirm. Disable - “Kanal 2” and 15 with ``n`` and decline deleting those channels with ``n``. -8. Congratulations, a fully functional EUMEL is now running in your virtual - machine! For the next steps head over to [praxis1]_. - -__ disks/grundpaket/01_readme.img -__ disks/grundpaket/02_setup.img -__ disks/grundpaket/03_eumel0.img - -.. _install instructions: 01_readme_INSTALL.txt -.. _qemu: http://www.qemu.org/ - +.. include:: overview.rst +.. include:: quickstart.rst .. include:: history.rst .. include:: popularity.rst .. include:: hardware.rst .. include:: software.rst .. include:: internals.rst .. include:: artifacts.rst +.. include:: trivia.rst Bibliography ------------ diff --git a/internals.rst b/internals.rst index 3c586a3..79ef815 100644 --- a/internals.rst +++ b/internals.rst @@ -8,5 +8,9 @@ Documentation for the dataspace FILE can be found in ``_ Source code ^^^^^^^^^^^ +The following files have been extracted from the floppy disk images available below__. + +__ artifacts_ + .. include:: source.rst diff --git a/overview.rst b/overview.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3a60e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/overview.rst @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +Overview +-------- + +EUMEL is different from conventional operating systems in a lot of ways. Some +of them were neccessary due to hardware constraints at that time and others +were deliberatly designed this way. EUMEL’s key features are: + +Hardware independence + The OS has *two* hardware abstraction layers, significantly improving its + portability. The first one, Software/Hardware (SHard), provides functions + for a concrete machine, such as the Olivietti M20, Amiga ST or IBM PC + AT/XT. EUMEL0 (Urlader), the second layer, implements a virtual machine on + top of a specific processor architecture like Z80 or x86. Programs are + compiled into bytecode for this machine and thus independent of the actual + machine they are running on. +Single-level store + Every object (dataspace) lives in a single, virtual address space. The + memory is organized into pages, which can reside in memory or on disk. + The operating system transparently moves pages to disk if they have not + been in use lately and reads them back as soon as a process requests it + ([praxis2]_, p. 82). +Copy on write + Pages are shareable and EUMEL automatically unshares them if one copy is + written to. +Persistence + Every file and every task is a dataspace. Since they all reside in the + single-level store the machine can powered off and back on again, with all + tasks starting from the point where they left off. +Time-sharing and multi-user + A single machine running EUMEL is capable of serving multiple “thin + clients” connected via serial lines. +One-language concept + *ELAN (Elementary Language)* is system implementation language, programming + language, shell language and documentation language. + diff --git a/popularity.rst b/popularity.rst index e1d6d3a..c2a103c 100644 --- a/popularity.rst +++ b/popularity.rst @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ Popularity ---------- -Available sources disagree on the actual number of installations. [liedtke93]_ +Available sources disagree on the actual number of installations. [liedtke93]_ mentions 2000 systems were installed by 1985, but [gmdbericht86a]_ counts only 1000 systems by the end of 1986. Amongst the users were a growing number of schools: 20 in 1982 ([alwr82]_, part 4, p. 13) and 500 secondary schools by @@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ amongst those located in Hannover in 1994 revealed four of 56 (7%) law offices still ran EUMEL machines eight years after intruduction of ErgoJUR and advodat [jurpc94]_. +GMD itself sold 22, 11 and 102 copies in 1982, ’83 and ’84 respectively. These +numbers do not include copies sold by one of the 3, 4 and 7 licensees. +[ttpreis85]_ + By mid 1985 support for the Japanese *Kanji* writing system was added to EUMEL [gmdspiegel85d]_. A newly founded corporation *NISSIN Products Corp. Tokyo* sold the product on the Japanese market [gmdbericht85]_. diff --git a/quickstart.rst b/quickstart.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45598f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/quickstart.rst @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +Quick start +----------- + +Fortunately a set of 1.2 MB install floppy disks of EUMEL’s x86 port has been +preserved. It can be installed in any virtual machine emulating an +IBM PC. In this example we’re using qemu_. The `first disk`__ is optional and +contains `install instructions`_ in german language. The `second disk`__ is the +bootable setup programs. It creates a partition on the harddrive, formats it +and installs the SHard. `Disk three`__ contains EUMEL0 and base system. + +1. Create a 128 MB harddrive: ``qemu-img create root.img 128M`` +2. Start the setup program: ``qemu-system-i386 -drive + file=02_setup.img,if=floppy,format=raw -drive file=root.img,format=raw`` +3. Create a new partition by pressing ``1``, confirm with ``j`` and + accept the following defaults with or ``j``. +4. If the main screen is displayed again press ``0`` and confirm yet + again with ``j`` to exit setup. The screen should now read “E N D E”. +5. Quit qemu and restart it with the third floppy disk. The bootloader + complains that “HG ungueltig”. +6. Press any key followed by ``2`` and a confirmation with ``j``. Reset the + machine again. +7. Now we have to set up the keyboard layout and time. Select “Kanal 1” with + ``j``, then press ``n`` until ``pc.1.25`` is displayed and confirm. Disable + “Kanal 2” and 15 with ``n`` and decline deleting those channels with ``n``. +8. Congratulations, a fully functional EUMEL is now running in your virtual + machine! For the next steps head over to [praxis1]_. + +__ disks/grundpaket/01_readme.img +__ disks/grundpaket/02_setup.img +__ disks/grundpaket/03_eumel0.img + +.. _install instructions: 01_readme_INSTALL.txt +.. _qemu: http://www.qemu.org/ + diff --git a/trivia.rst b/trivia.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c2fcd6b --- /dev/null +++ b/trivia.rst @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +Trivia +------ + +.. figure:: eumel_logo.svg + + EUMEL’s logo + +- The German word *Eumel* describes__ a likeable fool (wally). +- Wikipedia refers to EUMEL as *L2* (for *Liedtke 2*). However this name is + not mentioned in any documentation or source code. It was added to the + German__ and English__ Wikipedia in 2006 without a source, which could be + `Jochen Liedtke’s death notice`__. +- EUMEL was a registered wordmark from 1985 to 1996 (DPMA: 1087527__ 1106662__) + +__ https://dict.leo.org/forum/viewWrongentry.php?idThread=40527&idForum=6&lang=de&lp=ende +__ https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L2_(Betriebssystem)&diff=21818522&oldid=21818465 +__ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eumel&diff=94747578&oldid=92908729 +.. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eumel&diff=next&oldid=510781458 +__ https://os.itec.kit.edu/downloads/in-memoriam-jochen-liedtke_de.pdf +__ https://register.dpma.de/DPMAregister/marke/register/1087527/DE +__ https://register.dpma.de/DPMAregister/marke/register/1106662/DE + -- cgit v1.2.3