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diff --git a/doc/index.html b/doc/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index cc5c69f..0000000 --- a/doc/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,418 +0,0 @@ -<!doctype html> -<html lang="ar"> -<head> - <meta charset="utf-8"> - <title>لؤلؤة</title> - <!--<meta name="description" content="">--> - <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> - - <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=IBM+Plex+Mono|IBM+Plex+Sans:100,400&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> - <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/purecss@1.0.1/build/pure-min.css" integrity="sha384-oAOxQR6DkCoMliIh8yFnu25d7Eq/PHS21PClpwjOTeU2jRSq11vu66rf90/cZr47" crossorigin="anonymous"> - <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/purecss@1.0.1/build/grids-responsive-min.css"> - <script src="https://cdn.pydata.org/bokeh/release/bokeh-1.3.4.min.js"></script> - <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"> -</head> -<body> - -<div class="title-card pure-g"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-lg-1-3"> - <div class="lbox"> - <h1 class="title"><img class="logo" src="lulua-logo.svg" alt="لؤلؤة"></h1> - <div class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-2"> - <!--<h2 class="subtitle">لوحة مفاتيح العربية المريحة</h1>--> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-2"> - <h2 class="subtitle" lang="en">Ergonomic Arabic Keyboard Layout</h2> - </div> - </div> - </div> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-lg-2-3"> - <div class="lbox"> - <div class="layout"> - <img src="ar-lulua.svg" alt="لؤلؤة"> - </div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2"> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en"> - <div class="lbox"> - <p>This is work in progress and contributions are welcome. Head over to - <a href="https://github.com/PromyLOPh/lulua">GitHub</a> to see where - you can help.</p> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2"> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en"> - <div class="lbox"> - <h2>Goals</h2> - <ul> - <li>Ergonomic typing of unvocalized and vocalized text with 10 fingers</li> - <li>Modern Standard Arabic and Quranic Arabic</li> - <li>Localized numbers (European/Arabic-Indic)</li> - <li>Usable as primary or secondary keyboard</li> - <li>Compose-based</li> - <li>Support for Markdown, RST, Wikitext and similar markup</li> - </ul> - - <p>Other languages using the Arabic alphabet (regional dialects, Urdu, - Persian) are explicitly not supported.</p> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2"> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en"> - <div class="lbox"> - <h2>Usage</h2> - <dl> - <dt>Windows</dt> - <dd>Download <a href="ar-lulua-w64.zip">driver</a> and follow instructions in <kbd>INSTALL.txt</kbd></dd> - <dt>Android</dt> - <dd>Install - <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.menny.android.anysoftkeyboard">AnySoftKeyboard</a> - and - <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.anysoftkeyboard.languagepack.arabic">Arabic for AnySoftKeyboard</a> - <dt>Linux</dt> - <dd>Run: <code>xmodmap <a href="ar-lulua.xmodmap">ar-lulua.xmodmap</a></code></dd> - </dl> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class="indepth-card"> -<div class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2"> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en"> - <div class="lbox"> - <h1>Learn more</h1> - </div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<section> -<div class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2"> - <div class="lbox"> - <h2>الأبجدية العربية</h2> - </div> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en"> - <div class="lbox"> - <h2>The Arabic Alphabet</h2> - <p> - There are 28 letters in the Arabic alphabet, plus quite a few extra - symbols required for proper text input, like the hamza in its different - shapes <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">أ إ آ ء ئ ؤ</bdo>, ta marbutah <bdo - dir="ltr" lang="ar">ة</bdo>, alif maqsurah <bdo dir="ltr" - lang="ar">ى</bdo> and various diacritics for vowelized texts. - <!-- --> - Since the usability of a keyboard layout depends on the text entered - it is necessary to study letter and letter combination frequencies first. - <!-- --> - The corpus used for the following analysis consists of - </p> - - include(`corpus.html') - - <p> - The plot below shows <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ا ل ي م و ن</bdo> can be - considered the most frequently used letters in the Arabic language. - <!-- --> - Together they account for more than 55% of all letters in the corpus. - </p> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<figure id="letterfreq"> -<div class="lbox" lang="en"> - <div id="letterfreq-div"></div> -</div> -<figcaption class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2"> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en"> - <div class="lbox"> - <p>Arabic letter frequency distribution</p> - </div> - </div> -</figcaption> -</figure> -</section> - -<section> -<div class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2"> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en"> - <div class="lbox"> - <h2>Layout properties</h2> - - <p>The following evaluation uses color coding to identify fingers:</p> - <dl class="colorcodes"> - <dt class="finger little">red</dt> - <dd>little finger</dd> - <dt class="finger ring">blue</dt> - <dd>ring finger</dd> - <dt class="finger middle">magenta</dt> - <dd>middle finger - <dt class="finger index">violet</dt> - <dd>index finger</dd> - <dt class="finger thumb">cyan</dt> - <dd>thumb</dd> - </dl> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<figure id="ar-lulua-heat"> -<div class="lbox" lang="en"> - <img src="ar-lulua-heat.svg"> - include(`ar-lulua-fingerhand.html') -</div> -</figure> -</section> - -<section class="layoutgallery"> - <div class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2"> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en"> - <div class="lbox"> - <h2>Related work</h2> - </div> - </div> - </div> - - <figure id="ar-asmo663"> - <div class="lbox"> - <img src="ar-asmo663-heat.svg"> - include(`ar-asmo663-fingerhand.html') - </div> - <figcaption class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2"> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en"> - <div class="lbox"> - <p> - Trying to unify existing layouts, the Arab Standardization and - Meterology Organization (ASMO), now part of - <a href="https://www.aidmo.org/">AIDMO</a>, published an Arabic - keyboard layout in 1987 as - <a href="https://www.aidmo.org/smcacc/ar/index.php?option=com_sobi2&Itemid=2&limitstart=2150">standard 663</a>. - <!-- --> - This, however, turned out to be a failure, due to lack of adoption by - the typewriter industry. - </p> - </div> - </div> - </figcaption> - </figure> - - <figure id="ar-linux"> - <div class="lbox"> - <img src="ar-linux-heat.svg"> - include(`ar-linux-fingerhand.html') - </div> - <figcaption class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2"> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en"> - <div class="lbox"> - <p> - Instead we’re currently using this layout (on Linux), which is - similar, but not quite the same. - <!-- --> - Most notably this layout arranges letters by their visual similarity. - <!-- --> - Thus it allocates suboptimal or even awkward positions to frequently - used letters like <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ا ل</bdo> and - <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ذ</bdo>. - </p> - </div> - </div> - </figcaption> - </figure> - - <figure id="ar-malas"> - <div class="lbox"> - <img src="ar-malas-heat.svg"> - include(`ar-malas-fingerhand.html') - </div> - <figcaption class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2"> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en"> - <div class="lbox"> - <p> - The work by Malas et al. (2008), - <a href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1bf8/74dcaa7f21c2cc3c6c5e526b61a9ee352bba.pdf">Toward Optimal Arabic Keyboard Layout Using Genetic Algorithm</a>, - presents an alternative layout generated by a genetic algorithm. - <!-- --> - They used a snapshot of the Arabic Wikipedia probably from around 2008 and - optimized for typing speed only, claiming 35% faster typing compared - to the <a href="#ar-linux">currently used layouts</a>. - <!-- --> - However the decision to put <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ي</bdo> in the top - row seems odd. - <!-- --> - Assigning the same left index finger to <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ا - ي و</bdo>, which are three of the most frequent letters, heavily - strains this particular finger. - </p> - </div> - </div> - </figcaption> - </figure> - - <figure id="ar-osman"> - <div class="lbox"> - <img src="ar-osman-heat.svg"> - include(`ar-osman-fingerhand.html') - </div> - <figcaption class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2"> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en"> - <div class="lbox"> - <p> - In 2015 patent - <a href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US9041657B2/en">9,041,657 B2</a> - was filed in the US, presenting yet another computer-generated layout. - <!-- --> - Its genetic algorithm was seeded with just 54 Arabic e-books consisting - of 7 million characters in total. - <!-- --> - Overall it claims to be 9% faster than default layouts. - <!-- --> - This layout rips off most of the standard layout’s second layer, - but amusingly fails to include a question mark, while it does - provide <em>three</em> single-quote marks ’ and <em>two</em> Arabic - semicolon <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">؛</bdo>. - <!-- --> - Additionally it places <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ي</bdo> in an even - worse position than Malas’ layout. - </p> - </div> - </div> - </figcaption> - </figure> - - <figure> - <div class="lbox"> - <img src="ar-khorshid-heat.svg"> - include(`ar-khorshid-fingerhand.html') - </div> - <figcaption class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2"> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en"> - <div class="lbox"> - <p> - In the paper - <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264837659_A_new_optimal_Arabic_keyboard_layout_using_genetic_algorithm">A new optimal Arabic keyboard layout using genetic algorithm</a> - Khorshid et al. present yet another - layout. - <!-- --> - They claim a 36% improvement over the standard keyboard based on - their criteria for ergonomic layouts. - <!-- --> - However in their layout from figure 8 the letters <bdo dir="ltr" - lang="ar">ل ب ر</bdo> are in suboptimal positions. - <!-- --> - Also it seems their algorithm favors the bottom row instead of the - easier to use top row. - </p> - </div> - </div> - </figcaption> - </figure> - - <figure> - <div class="lbox"> - <img src="ar-phonetic-heat.svg"> - include(`ar-phonetic-fingerhand.html') - </div> - <figcaption class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2"> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en"> - <div class="lbox"> - <p> - The <a href="http://arabic.omaralzabir.com/home">Arabic Phonetic Keyboard</a> - simply maps the QWERTY layout to Arabic letters, based on their sound. - Thus Q becomes <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ق</bdo>, Y becomes <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ي</bdo> and so on. - It claims to be optimized for writing vowelized texts, especially - Quranic Arabic, and thus includes quite a few combining characters and - special symbols. - Although it claims to make frequently used letters easily available – - based on the work of Intellaren – it makes no effort to arrange letters - according to their usage frequency. - </p> - </div> - </div> - </figcaption> - </figure> - - <div class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2"> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en"> - <div class="lbox"> - <p> - While technically speaking not a layout but alternative input - method, <a href="http://www.intellaren.com/intellark">Intellark</a> by - Intellaren is worth mentioning. - <!-- --> - It is based on repeatedly pressing the same button to modifiy the - current character. - <!-- --> - For example pressing A on the QWERTY keyboard cycles through the - alternatives <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ا أ إ آ</bdo> and <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ء</bdo>. - <!-- --> - Obviously this is slow, error-prone and violates Dvorak’s guidelines - for keyboard layout designs. - </p> - </div> - </div> - </div> -</section> - -<section> -<div class="pure-g flexreverse"> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2"> - </div> - <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en"> - <div class="lbox"> - <h2>Acknowledgements</h2> - - <p>This work would not have been possible without Martin Krzywinski’s - work on <a - href="http://mkweb.bcgsc.ca/carpalx/?typing_effort">carpalx</a>.</p> - </div> - </div> -</div> -</section> - -<script> -fetch('letterfreq.json') - .then(function(response) { return response.json(); }) - .then(function(item) { Bokeh.embed.embed_item(item, 'letterfreq-div'); }) -</script> - -</body> -</html> |