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--- a/lulua/data/report/index.html
+++ b/lulua/data/report/index.html
@@ -398,6 +398,101 @@
</div>
</div>
+ <div id="ar-alramly" class="pure-g flexreverse">
+ <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2">
+ </div>
+ <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en">
+ <div class="lbox">
+ <h3><a href="#ar-alramly">Al-Ramly et al</a></h3>
+ <p>
+ One of the eariest accounts can be found in the article <a
+ href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)64475-6">Statistical
+ Distribution of Arabic Letters Aids to the Design of a New
+ Keyboard</a> by Al-Ramly et al published in 1980.
+ <!-- -->
+ The Arabic half of the proposed bi-lingual layout seems to be
+ hand-optimized based on several metrics including character
+ frequencies – without mentioning a source for them though – visual
+ similarity (“letter groups”) and their position on previous
+ layouts.
+ <!-- -->
+ It tries to balance load between hands, assign more work to index
+ and middle fingers and place common letters in the home row.
+ <!-- -->
+ However the asymmetry given in the article, 0.032, cannot be
+ reproduced here.
+ <!-- -->
+ For the most part the layout lacks combining and pre-combined
+ characters, a task that is left to “machine intelligence” making it
+ hard to use nowadays.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ While the layout distributes load between fingers quite well it
+ favors the left hand by assigning <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ا</bdo>
+ and <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ل</bdo> to it.
+ <!-- -->
+ The decision to place <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ث</bdo> in a very
+ prominent spot seems weird, given it only accounts for 0.5% of all
+ symbols, even in their own analysis.
+ </p>
+ </div></div>
+ </div>
+
+ <figure>
+ <div class="lbox">
+ <img src="ar-alramly-heat.svg">
+ {{ fingerhandstats(layoutstats['ar-alramly']) }}
+ </div>
+ </figure>
+
+ <div id="ar-idlebi" class="pure-g flexreverse">
+ <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2">
+ </div>
+ <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2" lang="en">
+ <div class="lbox">
+ <h3><a href="#ar-idlebi">Idlebi et al</a></h3>
+ <p>
+ Another article from the early days of computers published in 1990
+ is <a
+ href="https://archive.org/details/computers_and_the_arabic_language_1990/page/n112/mode/2up">Design
+ of Arabic Keyboard Layout Based on Statistical Properties of Arabic
+ Characters</a> by Idlebi et al.
+ <!-- -->
+ They present two examples of programmatically optimized layouts and
+ account for character and bigram frequencies based on a corpus of
+ 100.000 characters, finger movement time of unknown origin and finger
+ load.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Unfortunately the results use 12 keys per row and are not suitable
+ for use with current European keyboards, which usually feature only 11 keys
+ in the bottom row.
+ <!-- -->
+ Thus the layout displayed below lacks the Arabic question mark and
+ comma in the bottom right.
+ <!-- -->
+ Probably due to their unusual assumption that middle- and
+ ring-finger rest in the top row their results are suboptimal,
+ placing both <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ا</bdo> and <bdo dir="ltr"
+ lang="ar">ي</bdo> in the top row.
+ <!-- -->
+ Their analysis notices this and suggests improved positions for
+ both characters, but these are not actually implemented.
+ <!-- -->
+ The big asymmetry is caused by placing <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ا
+ ل ي</bdo> and <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">و</bdo>, four of the five
+ most frequent letters, on the right hand side.
+ </p>
+ </div></div>
+ </div>
+
+ <figure>
+ <div class="lbox">
+ <img src="ar-idlebi-heat.svg">
+ {{ fingerhandstats(layoutstats['ar-idlebi']) }}
+ </div>
+ </figure>
+
<div id="ar-malas" class="pure-g flexreverse">
<div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-2">
</div>
@@ -405,9 +500,10 @@
<div class="lbox">
<h3><a href="#ar-malas">Malas et al</a></h3>
<p>
- The work by Malas et al. (2008),
- <a href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1bf8/74dcaa7f21c2cc3c6c5e526b61a9ee352bba.pdf">Toward Optimal Arabic Keyboard Layout Using Genetic Algorithm</a>,
- presents an alternative layout generated by a genetic algorithm.
+ About 20 years later (2008) Malas et al. presented an alternative
+ layout generated by a genetic algorithm in their article <a
+ href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1bf8/74dcaa7f21c2cc3c6c5e526b61a9ee352bba.pdf">Toward
+ Optimal Arabic Keyboard Layout Using Genetic Algorithm</a>.
<!-- -->
They used a snapshot of the Arabic Wikipedia probably from around 2008 and
optimized for typing speed only, claiming 35% faster typing compared
@@ -424,7 +520,7 @@
</div>
</div>
- <figure id="ar-malas">
+ <figure>
<div class="lbox">
<img src="ar-malas-heat.svg">
{{ fingerhandstats(layoutstats['ar-malas']) }}