diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'lulua')
| -rw-r--r-- | lulua/data/report/index.html | 104 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lulua/report.py | 35 |
2 files changed, 84 insertions, 55 deletions
diff --git a/lulua/data/report/index.html b/lulua/data/report/index.html index cc4cd3d..e2108cd 100644 --- a/lulua/data/report/index.html +++ b/lulua/data/report/index.html @@ -137,11 +137,10 @@ <div class="lbox"> <h2>The Arabic alphabet</h2> <p> - 28 letters make up the Arabic alphabet and quite a few extra - symbols are required for proper text input, like the hamza in its different - shapes <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">أ إ آ ء ئ ؤ</bdo>, ta marbutah <bdo - dir="ltr" lang="ar">ة</bdo>, alif maqsurah <bdo dir="ltr" - lang="ar">ى</bdo> and various diacritics for vowelized texts. + 28 letters make up the Arabic alphabet and quite a few extra symbols are + required for proper text input, like the {{ hamzah }} in its different + shapes <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">أ إ آ ء ئ ؤ</bdo>, {{ tamarbutah + }}, {{ alifmaqsurah }} and various diacritics for vowelized texts. <!-- --> Since the performance of a keyboard layout depends on the text entered it is necessary to study its mono-, di- and trigraph frequencies first. @@ -230,8 +229,9 @@ </details> <p> - The plot below shows <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ا ل ي م و ن</bdo> can be - considered the most frequently used letters in the Arabic language. + The plot below shows {{ alif }}, {{ lam }}, {{ ya }}, {{ mim }}, {{ + waw }} and {{ nun }} can be considered the most frequently used letters + in the Arabic language. <!-- --> Together they account for more than 55% of all letters in the corpus. </p> @@ -336,17 +336,17 @@ The most frequent letters have all been assigned to the home row, which makes them easily accessible. <!-- --> - <bdo lang="ar" dir="ltr">ا</bdo> and <bdo lang="ar" dir="ltr">ل</bdo> + {{ Alif }} and {{ lam }} are typed with different hands, balancing the load on hands almost evenly. <!-- --> The index and middle finger of both hands share the majority of the typing load, but naturally the left middle finger is used more - frequently due to its assignment to the letter alif. + frequently due to its assignment to the letter {{ alif }}. </p> <p> - The layout targets Quaranic and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), also called Fusha + The layout targets Quaranic and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), also called Fuṣḥa (<bdo lang="ar">الفصحى</bdo>), only. <!-- --> Dialectical Arabic (<bdo lang="ar">العامية</bdo>) is mainly a spoken @@ -361,35 +361,35 @@ Designing the layout to be compose-based has both benefits and disadvantages. <!-- --> - Compose-based mainly means the hamza <bdo lang="ar" dir="ltr">ء</bdo> - is treated like an optional diacritic for Alef, Waw and Yah instead of - viewing Alef-Hamza, Waw-Hamza and Yah-Hamza as precombined, atomic - units. + Compose-based mainly means the {{ hamzah }} is treated like an optional + diacritic for {{ alif }}, {{ waw }} and {{ ya }} instead of viewing + {{ alifhamzah }}, {{ wawhamzah }} and {{ yahamzah }} as precombined, + atomic units. <!-- --> - Although <bdo lang="ar" dir="ltr">أ</bdo> and <bdo lang="ar" - dir="ltr">ا</bdo> are not the same, the hamza can be dropped if the - writer’s intention is unambigiously inferable from context. + Although {{ alifhamzah_ }} and {{ alif_ }} are not the same, the {{ + hamzah_ }} can be dropped if the writer’s intention is unambigiously + inferable from context. <!-- --> - Thus it makes sense to provide hamza as a combining character on the - keyboard. + Thus it makes sense to provide {{ hamzah_ }} as a combining character + on the keyboard. <!-- --> Additionally it uses two keys less than precombining it with its stems, - allowing the entire alphabet plus hamza diacritic to fit on a single + allowing the entire alphabet plus hamzah diacritic to fit on a single keyboard layer. <!-- --> However, there is a cost to this approach: - All hamza variants account for {{ + All {{ hamzah_ }} variants account for {{ '%.1f'|format(layoutstats['ar-osx'].hamzaImpact*100) }}% of button combinations. <!-- --> - Splitting hamza and from its stem means doubling the total number of - button combinations and thus button presses, decreasing scores like + Splitting {{ hamzah_ }} and from its stem means doubling the total number + of button combinations and thus button presses, decreasing scores like words per minute (WPM) slightly. <!-- --> - Splitting Alef and Alef-Hamza could also reduce pressure on left middle - finger and allow for more even distribution, since {{ - layoutstats['ar-osx'].hamzaOnAlef|fraction }}<sup>th</sup> of all Alef - uses are with Hamza. + Splitting {{ alif }} and {{ alifhamzah }} could also reduce pressure + on left middle finger and allow for more even distribution, since {{ + layoutstats['ar-osx'].hamzaOnAlef|fraction }}<sup>th</sup> of all {{ + alif }} uses are with {{ hamzah }}. </p> <details class="remarks"> <summary></summary> @@ -488,9 +488,8 @@ As we can see the layout presented above meets the optimization goal. <!-- --> Only the top 5% of all triads are “easier” to type with <a - href="#ar-malas">Malas’ layout</a>, because lulua splits hamza - <bdo lang="ar" dir="rtl">(ء)</bdo> from its alef <bdo lang="ar" - dir="rtl">(ا)</bdo> stem. + href="#ar-malas">Malas’ layout</a>, because lulua splits {{ hamzah }} + from its {{ alif }} stem. <!-- --> As expected the <a href="#ar-phonetic">phonetic layout</a> is one of the worst ones, because QWERTY is not optimized for Arabic letter frequencies. @@ -521,8 +520,8 @@ dir="ltr" lang="ar">ض ص، س ش، ح ج خ</bdo>) and not frequency. <!-- --> Also it overuses the right index finger by assigning the four - high-frequency letters <bdo lang="ar" dir="ltr">ا ت و ة</bdo> to - it. + high-frequency letters {{ alif }}, {{ ta }}, {{ waw }} and {{ tamarbutah + }} to it. </p> </div> </div> @@ -544,14 +543,14 @@ <h3><a href="#ar-osx">Mac OS X</a></h3> <p> Mac OS X’s Arabic keyboard layout makes a few small changes to ASMO - 663 by moving the <bdo lang="ar" dir="ltr">ة</bdo> to a hard to + 663 by moving the {{ tamarbutah }} to a hard to reach spot on the right of the top row. <!-- --> It also moves the short vowels from the first to the top row of the second layer and replaces them with symbols. <!-- --> The bottom row keys are aditionally shifted to the right, beginning - with <bdo lang="ar" dir="ltr">ر</bdo>. + with {{ ra }}. </p> </div> </div> @@ -575,15 +574,14 @@ A more common layout is the one used on Linux, which also exists on Windows with minor changes to the first layer. <!-- --> - While its top and center row barely differ from ASMO 663 the - bottom row now contains a separate key for the ligature <bdo - lang="ar" dir="ltr">ﻻ</bdo>, likely inherited from <a + While its top and center row barely differ from + ASMO 663 the bottom row now contains a separate key + for the ligature {{ lamalif }} , likely inherited from <a href="https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2014/10/the-arabic-typewriter-keyboard-and.html">early typewriter layouts</a>. <!-- --> But at the cost of pushing punctuation characters to the second - layer, <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">د</bdo> into the top and <bdo - dir="ltr" lang="ar">ذ</bdo> even further into the number row. + layer, {{ dal }} into the top and {{ dhal }} even further into the number row. </p> </div> </div> @@ -638,10 +636,10 @@ </p> <p> While the layout distributes load between fingers quite well it - favors the left hand by assigning <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ا</bdo> - and <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ل</bdo> to it. + favors the left hand by assigning {{ alif }} + and {{ lam }} to it. <!-- --> - The decision to place <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ث</bdo> in a very + The decision to place {{ tha }} in a very prominent spot seems weird, given it only accounts for 0.5% of all symbols, even in their own analysis. </p> @@ -683,15 +681,13 @@ <!-- --> Probably due to their unusual assumption that middle- and ring-finger rest in the top row their results are suboptimal, - placing both <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ا</bdo> and <bdo dir="ltr" - lang="ar">ي</bdo> in the top row. + placing both {{ alif }} and {{ ya }} in the top row. <!-- --> Their analysis notices this and suggests improved positions for both characters, but these are not actually implemented. <!-- --> - The big asymmetry is caused by placing <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ا - ل ي</bdo> and <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">و</bdo>, four of the five - most frequent letters, on the right hand side. + The big asymmetry is caused by placing {{ alif }}, {{ lam }}, {{ ya }} and + {{ waw }}, four of the five most frequent letters, on the right hand side. </p> </div></div> </div> @@ -719,11 +715,11 @@ optimized for typing speed only, claiming 35% faster typing compared to the <a href="#ar-linux">currently used layouts</a>. <!-- --> - However the decision to put <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ي</bdo> in the top + However the decision to put {{ ya }} in the top row seems odd. <!-- --> - Assigning the same left index finger to <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ا - ي و</bdo>, which are three of the most frequent letters, heavily + Assigning the same left index finger to {{ alif }}, + {{ ya }} and {{ waw }}, which are three of the most frequent letters, heavily strains this particular finger. </p> </div> @@ -758,8 +754,8 @@ well. <!-- --> However their algorithm seems to favor the bottom row instead of the - easier to use top row since it places the letters <bdo dir="ltr" - lang="ar">ب ت ر</bdo> there. + easier to use top row since it places the letters {{ ba }}, {{ ta }} + and {{ ra }} there. </p> </div> </div> @@ -793,7 +789,7 @@ provide <em>three</em> single-quote marks ’ and <em>two</em> Arabic semicolon <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">؛</bdo>. <!-- --> - Additionally it places <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ي</bdo> in an even + Additionally it places {{ ya }} in an even worse position than Malas’ layout. </p> </div> @@ -898,7 +894,7 @@ <p> The <a href="http://arabic.omaralzabir.com/home">Arabic Phonetic Keyboard</a> simply maps the QWERTY layout to Arabic letters, based on their sound. - Thus Q becomes <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ق</bdo>, Y becomes <bdo dir="ltr" lang="ar">ي</bdo> and so on. + Thus Q becomes {{ qaf }}, Y becomes {{ ya }} and so on. It claims to be optimized for writing vowelized texts, especially Quranic Arabic, and thus includes quite a few combining characters and special symbols. diff --git a/lulua/report.py b/lulua/report.py index 7d0294a..0e5ec00 100644 --- a/lulua/report.py +++ b/lulua/report.py @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN # THE SOFTWARE. -import sys, argparse, logging, pickle, math +import sys, argparse, logging, pickle, math, unicodedata from gettext import GNUTranslations, NullTranslations from decimal import Decimal from fractions import Fraction @@ -75,6 +75,39 @@ def render (): env.filters['arabnum'] = arabnum env.filters['fraction'] = fraction + # Map global variables to Arabic letter romanizations, so we can use + # them easily in text. + # Taken from Abu-Chacra’s Arabic – An Essential Grammar. It’s + # too difficult for now to write a general-purpose romanization + # function, because it would need a dictionary. + letterNames = { + 'Hamzah': ('Hamzah', 'ء'), + 'Alif': ('ᵓAlif', 'ا'), + 'Alifhamzah': ('ᵓAlif-hamzah', 'أ'), + 'Wawhamzah': ('Wa\u0304w-hamzah', 'ؤ'), + 'Yahamzah': ('Ya\u0304ᵓ-hamzah', 'ئ'), + 'Ba': ('Baᵓ', 'ب'), + 'Ta': ('Taᵓ', 'ت'), + 'Tha': ('T\u0331aᵓ', 'ث'), + 'Ra': ('Raᵓ', 'ر'), + 'Dal': ('Da\u0304l', 'د'), + 'Dhal': ('D\u0331a\u0304l', 'ذ'), + 'Qaf': ('Qa\u0304f', 'ق'), + 'Lam': ('La\u0304m', 'ل'), + 'Lamalif': ('La\u0304m-ᵓalif', 'لا'), + 'Mim': ('Mi\u0304m', 'م'), + 'Nun': ('Nu\u0304n', 'ن'), + 'Waw': ('Wa\u0304w', 'و'), + 'Ya': ('Ya\u0304ᵓ', 'ي'), + 'Tamarbutah': ('Ta\u0304ᵓ marbu\u0304t\u0323ah', 'ة'), + 'Alifmaqsurah': ('ᵓAlif maqs\u0323u\u0304rah', 'ى'), + } + for k, (romanized, arabic) in letterNames.items (): + env.globals[k] = f'{romanized} <bdo lang="ar">({arabic})</bdo>' + env.globals[k.lower ()] = env.globals[k].lower () + env.globals[k + '_'] = romanized + env.globals[k.lower () + '_'] = romanized.lower () + corpus = [] for x in args.corpus: with open (x) as fd: |