major changes to write support,

BEWARE, some things might be broken in the progress (internal mem too!)
added files cis.{c,h}

9 files changed, 519 insertions, 140 deletions

diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index c3cb696..5fa66af 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
+2002-10-05  Markus Germeier  <mager@tzi.de>
+	* big changes to IO layer and updates to formating/writing
+	  for external memory
+	* BEWARE: writing to external mem still does not work
+	  and I might have damaged the internal support!
+	
+2002-10-05  Markus Germeier  <mager@tzi.de>
+
+	* libmpio/cis.c: generate new CIS block for formatting
+
 2002-09-30  Markus Germeier  <mager@tzi.de>
 
 	* libmpio/mpio.c (mpio_init): fixed identification of
diff --git a/libmpio/Makefile.am b/libmpio/Makefile.am
index 0517b3a..d489a64 100644
--- a/libmpio/Makefile.am
+++ b/libmpio/Makefile.am
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ libmpio_la_SOURCES= \
 		smartmedia.c \
 		directory.c \
 		fat.c \
-		ecc.c
+		ecc.c \
+		cis.c
 
 pkginclude_HEADERS= \
 		mpio.h \
@@ -21,4 +22,5 @@ noinst_HEADERS= \
 		smartmedia.h \
 		directory.h \
 		fat.h \
-		ecc.h
+		ecc.h \
+		cis.h
diff --git a/libmpio/cis.c b/libmpio/cis.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c30085b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmpio/cis.c
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/* 
+ *
+ * $Id: cis.c,v 1.1 2002/10/06 21:19:50 germeier Exp $
+ *
+ * Library for USB MPIO-*
+ *
+ * Markus Germeier (mager@tzi.de)
+ *
+ * 
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
+ * License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+ *
+ * */
+
+#include "cis.h"
+
+/* This data is CIS block (Card Information System) of the SmartMedia
+ * cards, it can be found here:
+ * http://www.samsungelectronics.com/semiconductors/flash/technical_data/application_notes/SM_format.pdf  (page 8 + 9)
+ * or on any Smartmedia card
+ *
+ * It is not believed to be some kind of trade secret or such, so ...
+ * ... if we are mistaken, please tell us so.
+ */
+
+char cis_templ[0x80] = {
+  0x01, 0x03, 0xd9, 0x01, 0xff, 0x18, 0x02, 0xdf, /* 0x00 */
+  0x01, 0x20, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21,
+
+  0x02, 0x04, 0x01, 0x22, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x22, /* 0x10  */
+  0x03, 0x02, 0x04, 0x07, 0x1a, 0x05, 0x01, 0x03,
+
+  0x00, 0x02, 0x0f, 0x1b, 0x08, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xa1, /* 0x20 */
+  0x01, 0x55, 0x08, 0x00, 0x20, 0x1b, 0x0a, 0xc1, 
+
+  0x41, 0x99, 0x01, 0x55, 0x64, 0xf0, 0xff, 0xff, /* 0x30 */
+  0x20, 0x1b, 0x0c, 0x82, 0x41, 0x18, 0xea, 0x61,
+
+  0xf0, 0x01, 0x07, 0xf6, 0x03, 0x01, 0xee, 0x1b, /* 0x40 */
+  0x0c, 0x83, 0x41, 0x18, 0xea, 0x61, 0x70, 0x01,
+
+  0x07, 0x76, 0x03, 0x01, 0xee, 0x15, 0x14, 0x05, /* 0x50 */
+  0x00, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20,
+
+  0x00, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x00, 0x30, 0x2e, /* 0x60 */
+  0x30, 0x00, 0xff, 0x14, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00,
+
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0x70 */
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
+
+};
+
+BYTE *
+mpio_cis_gen()
+{
+  BYTE *p;
+  
+  p = (BYTE *)malloc(SECTOR_SIZE);
+  
+  memset(p, 0, SECTOR_SIZE);  
+  memcpy(p,       cis_templ, 0x80);
+  memcpy(p+0x100, cis_templ, 0x80);
+  
+  return p;
+  
+}
+
+
+  
+
diff --git a/libmpio/cis.h b/libmpio/cis.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f3848c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmpio/cis.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/* 
+ *
+ * $Id: cis.h,v 1.1 2002/10/06 21:19:50 germeier Exp $
+ *
+ * Library for USB MPIO-*
+ *
+ * Markus Germeier (mager@tzi.de)
+ *
+ * 
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
+ * License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+ *
+ * */
+
+#ifndef _MPIO_CIS_H_
+#define _MPIO_CIS_H_
+
+#include "defs.h"
+
+/* generate and return a fresh CIS block */
+BYTE	*mpio_cis_gen();
+
+#endif
diff --git a/libmpio/fat.c b/libmpio/fat.c
index 5690206..e8a7234 100644
--- a/libmpio/fat.c
+++ b/libmpio/fat.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
  *
- * $Id: fat.c,v 1.15 2002/09/28 00:32:41 germeier Exp $
+ * $Id: fat.c,v 1.16 2002/10/06 21:19:50 germeier Exp $
  *
  * Library for USB MPIO-*
  *
@@ -30,6 +30,213 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
+/* I'm lazy so I hard code all the values */
+
+BYTE mpio_part_016[0x10] = {
+  0x80, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x50, 0xf3,
+  0x29, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd7, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00
+};
+BYTE mpio_part_032[0x10] = {
+  0x80, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01, 0x07, 0x50, 0xf3,
+  0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xdd, 0xf9, 0x00, 0x00
+};
+BYTE mpio_part_064[0x10] = {
+  0x80, 0x01, 0x18, 0x00, 0x01, 0x07, 0x60, 0xf3,
+  0x37, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc9, 0xf3, 0x01, 0x00
+};
+BYTE mpio_part_128[0x10] = {
+  0x80, 0x01, 0x10, 0x00, 0x06, 0x0f, 0x60, 0xf3, 
+  0x2f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd1, 0xe7, 0x03, 0x00
+};
+
+/* ------------------------- */
+
+BYTE mpio_pbr_head[0x10] = {
+  0xe9, 0x00, 0x00, 0x4d, 0x53, 0x44, 0x4f, 0x53, 
+  0x35, 0x2e, 0x30, 0x00, 0x02, 0x20, 0x01, 0x00
+};
+BYTE mpio_pbr_016[0x13] = {
+  0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0xd7, 0x7c, 0xf8, 0x03, 0x00,
+  0x10, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x29, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00
+};
+BYTE mpio_pbr_032[0x13] = {
+  0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0xdd, 0xf9, 0xf8, 0x06, 0x00,
+  0x10, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00
+};
+BYTE mpio_pbr_064[0x13] = {
+  0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x0c, 0x00,
+  0x20, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x37, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0xc9, 0xf3, 0x01
+};
+BYTE mpio_pbr_128[0x13] = {
+  0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x20, 0x00,
+  0x20, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x2f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0xd1, 0xe7, 0x03
+};
+
+BYTE *
+mpio_mbr_gen(BYTE size)
+{
+  BYTE *p;
+
+  p = (BYTE *)malloc(SECTOR_SIZE);
+  memset(p, 0, SECTOR_SIZE);
+  
+  /* MBR signature */
+  p[0x1fe] = 0x55;
+  p[0x1ff] = 0xaa;
+
+  /* frist boot partition */
+    switch(size) 
+    {
+    case 16:
+      memcpy(p+0x1be, mpio_part_016, 0x10);
+      break;
+    case 32:
+      memcpy(p+0x1be, mpio_part_032, 0x10);
+      break;
+    case 64:
+      memcpy(p+0x1be, mpio_part_064, 0x10);
+      break;
+    case 128:
+      memcpy(p+0x1be, mpio_part_128, 0x10);
+      break;
+    default:
+      debug("This should never happen! (%d)\n", size);
+      exit(-1);      
+    }
+
+  /* all other partitions are set to zero */
+  
+  return p;
+}
+
+BYTE *
+mpio_pbr_gen(BYTE size)
+{
+  BYTE *p;
+
+  p = (BYTE *)malloc(SECTOR_SIZE);
+  memset(p, 0, SECTOR_SIZE);
+  
+  /* MBR signature */
+  p[0x1fe] = 0x55;
+  p[0x1ff] = 0xaa;
+
+  memcpy(p, mpio_pbr_head, 0x10);
+  /* BIOS parameter etc. */
+  switch(size) 
+    {
+    case 16:
+      memcpy(p+0x10, mpio_pbr_016, 0x13);
+      break;
+    case 32:
+      memcpy(p+0x10, mpio_pbr_032, 0x13);
+      break;
+    case 64:
+      memcpy(p+0x10, mpio_pbr_064, 0x13);
+      break;
+    case 128:
+      memcpy(p+0x10, mpio_pbr_128, 0x13);
+      break;
+    default:
+      debug("This should never happen! (%d)\n", size);
+      exit(-1);      
+    }
+
+  /* FAT id */
+  if (size >=128) {
+    strcpy(p+0x36, "FAT16");
+  } else {
+    strcpy(p+0x36, "FAT12");
+  }
+  
+  return p;
+}
+
+int     
+mpio_mbr_eval(mpio_smartmedia_t *sm)
+{
+  BYTE *pe;  /* partition entry */
+  int sector, head, cylinder;
+
+  if ((sm->mbr[0x1fe] != 0x55) || (sm->mbr[0x1ff] != 0xaa)) 
+    {
+      debug("This is not the MBR!\n");
+      return 1;
+    }
+  
+  /* always use the first partition */
+  /* we probably don't need to support others */
+  pe = sm->mbr + 0x1be;
+  
+  head = (int)(*(pe+0x01) & 0xff);
+  sector = (int)(*(pe+0x02) & 0x3f);
+  cylinder = (int)((*(pe+0x02) >> 6) * 0x100 + *(pe + 0x03));
+  
+  sm->pbr_offset=(cylinder * sm->geo.NumHead + head ) *
+    sm->geo.NumSector + sector - 1 /*+ OFFSET_MBR */; 
+
+  return 0;
+  
+}
+
+
+int     
+mpio_pbr_eval(mpio_smartmedia_t *sm)
+{
+  BYTE *bpb; /* BIOS Parameter Block */
+  int total_sector;
+  long temp;
+
+  if ((sm->pbr[0x1fe] != 0x55) || (sm->pbr[0x1ff] != 0xaa)) 
+    {
+      debug("This is not the PBR!\n");
+      return 1;
+    }
+  
+  if (strncmp((sm->pbr+0x36),"FAT", 3) != 0) 
+    {
+      debug("Did not find an FAT signature, *not* good!\n");
+      return 2;
+    }
+  
+  bpb = sm->pbr + 0x0b;
+  
+  total_sector = (*(sm->pbr+0x14) * 0x100 + *(sm->pbr + 0x13));
+  if (!total_sector)
+    total_sector = (*(sm->pbr+0x23) * 0x1000000 + 
+		    *(sm->pbr+0x22) * 0x10000   +
+		    *(sm->pbr+0x21) * 0x100     +
+		    *(sm->pbr+0x20));
+  
+  /* 128 MB need 2 Bytes instead of 1.5 */
+  if (sm->size != 128)
+    {
+      temp = ((total_sector / 0x20 * 0x03 / 0x02 / 0x200) + 0x01);   
+    } else {       
+      temp = ((total_sector / 0x20 * 0x02 / 0x200) + 0x01);   
+    }   
+  
+  sm->fat_offset = sm->pbr_offset + 0x01;
+  sm->fat_size = temp;
+  sm->fat_nums = *(sm->pbr + 0x10);
+  sm->dir_offset = sm->pbr_offset + 0x01 +  temp * 2;
+  sm->max_cluster = (total_sector / BLOCK_SECTORS);
+  /* fix max clusters */
+  temp*=2;
+  while (temp>=0x10)
+    {
+      sm->max_cluster--;
+      temp-=BLOCK_SECTORS;
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
 void 
 mpio_fatentry_hw2entry(mpio_t *m,  mpio_fatentry_t *f)
 {
@@ -95,13 +302,9 @@ mpio_fatentry_entry2hw(mpio_t *m,  mpio_fatentry_t *f)
 int
 mpio_bootblocks_read (mpio_t *m, mpio_mem_t mem)
 {
-  BYTE *pe;  /* partition entry */
-  BYTE *bpb; /* BIOS Parameter Block */
-
   mpio_smartmedia_t *sm=0;  
 
-  int sector, head, cylinder, total_sector;
-  long temp;
+  int error;
 
   /* this should not be needed for internal memory, but ... */
   if (mem == MPIO_INTERNAL_MEM) sm = &m->internal;
@@ -109,6 +312,11 @@ mpio_bootblocks_read (mpio_t *m, mpio_mem_t mem)
   if (!sm)
     return 1;
 
+  /* in case the external mem is defective we need this here! */
+  sm->fat=0;
+  sm->fat_size=0;
+  sm->fat_nums=0;
+
   /* TODO: check a few things more, just to be sure */
 
   /* read CIS (just in case it might me usefull) */
@@ -126,22 +334,12 @@ mpio_bootblocks_read (mpio_t *m, mpio_mem_t mem)
       return 1;
     }
 
-  if ((sm->mbr[0x1fe] != 0x55) || (sm->mbr[0x1ff] != 0xaa)) 
+  if (error=mpio_mbr_eval(sm)) 
     {
-      debug("This is not the MBR!\n");
+      debug("problem with the MBR (#%d), so I won't try to access the card any"
+	    "further.\n", error);
       return 1;
     }
-  
-  /* always use the first partition */
-  /* we probably don't need to support others */
-  pe = sm->mbr + 0x1be;
-  
-  head = (int)(*(pe+0x01) & 0xff);
-  sector = (int)(*(pe+0x02) & 0x3f);
-  cylinder = (int)((*(pe+0x02) >> 6) * 0x100 + *(pe + 0x03));
-  
-  sm->pbr_offset=(cylinder * sm->geo.NumHead + head ) *
-    sm->geo.NumSector + sector - 1 /*+ OFFSET_MBR */; 
 
   /* read PBR */
   if (mpio_io_sector_read(m, mem, sm->pbr_offset, sm->pbr))
@@ -150,50 +348,12 @@ mpio_bootblocks_read (mpio_t *m, mpio_mem_t mem)
       return 1;
     }
 
-  if ((sm->pbr[0x1fe] != 0x55) || (sm->pbr[0x1ff] != 0xaa)) 
+  if (error=mpio_pbr_eval(sm)) 
     {
-      debug("This is not the PBR!\n");
+      debug("problem with the PBR (#%d), so I won't try to access the card any"
+	    "further.\n", error);
       return 1;
     }
-
-  if (strncmp((sm->pbr+0x36),"FAT", 3) != 0) 
-    {
-      debug("Did not find an FAT signature, *not* good!, aborting!\n");
-      exit (1);
-    }
-
-  bpb = sm->pbr + 0x0b;
-  
-  total_sector = (*(sm->pbr+0x14) * 0x100 + *(sm->pbr + 0x13));
-  if (!total_sector)
-      total_sector = (*(sm->pbr+0x23) * 0x1000000 + 
-		      *(sm->pbr+0x22) * 0x10000   +
-		      *(sm->pbr+0x21) * 0x100     +
-		      *(sm->pbr+0x20));
-
-   /* 128 MB need 2 Bytes instead of 1.5 */
-   if (sm->size != 128)
-     {
-       temp = ((total_sector / 0x20 * 0x03 / 0x02 / 0x200) + 0x01);   
-     } else {       
-       temp = ((total_sector / 0x20 * 0x02 / 0x200) + 0x01);   
-     }   
-
-  sm->fat_offset = sm->pbr_offset + 0x01;
-  sm->fat_size = temp;
-  sm->fat_nums = *(sm->pbr + 0x10);
-  sm->dir_offset = sm->pbr_offset + 0x01 +  temp * 2;
-  sm->max_cluster = (total_sector / BLOCK_SECTORS);
-  /* fix max clusters */
-  temp*=2;
-  while (temp>=0x10)
-    {
-      sm->max_cluster--;
-      temp-=BLOCK_SECTORS;
-    }
-  
-/*   debug("max_cluster: %d\n", sm->max_cluster); */
-/*   debug("temp: %04x\n", temp); */
   
   return 0;  
 }
@@ -638,7 +798,8 @@ mpio_fat_write(mpio_t *m, mpio_mem_t mem)
     free(f);
 
     memset(dummy, 0x00, BLOCK_SIZE);
-
+    
+    /* only write the FAT */
     for (i= 0; i< 0x20; i++)
       {
 
@@ -646,6 +807,7 @@ mpio_fat_write(mpio_t *m, mpio_mem_t mem)
 	  {
 	    mpio_io_sector_write(m, mem, i, (sm->dir + SECTOR_SIZE * i));
 	  } else {
+	    /* fill the rest of the block with zeros */
 	    mpio_io_sector_write(m, mem, i, dummy);
 	  }	
       }    
@@ -656,27 +818,25 @@ mpio_fat_write(mpio_t *m, mpio_mem_t mem)
       sm=&m->external;
 
       memset(dummy, 0xff, BLOCK_SIZE);
-  
-      for (i = 0x40; i < (sm->dir_offset + DIR_NUM) ; i++) {
+      
+      for (i = 0; i < (sm->dir_offset + DIR_NUM) ; i++) {
+	/* before writing to a new block delete it! */
 	if (((i / 0x20) * 0x20) == i) {
-	  /* yuck */
-	  f=mpio_fatentry_new(m, mem, 
-			      ((i / 0x20) - 
-			       ((sm->dir_offset + DIR_NUM)/BLOCK_SECTORS - 2 )),
-			      FTYPE_MUSIC); 
+	  f=mpio_fatentry_new(m, mem, i, FTYPE_MUSIC); 
 	  mpio_io_block_delete(m, mem, f);
 	  free(f);
 	}
-	
-	if (i == 0x40)
-	  mpio_io_sector_write(m, mem, 0x40, sm->mbr);
-	if ((i > 0x40) && (i < sm->pbr_offset))
+
+	/* remeber: logical sector 0 is the MBR! */
+	if (i == 0)
+	  mpio_io_sector_write(m, mem, 0, sm->mbr);
+	if ((i > 0) && (i < sm->pbr_offset))
 	  mpio_io_sector_write(m, mem, i, dummy);
 	
 	if (i == sm->pbr_offset)
 	  mpio_io_sector_write(m, mem, sm->pbr_offset, sm->pbr);
 	
-	if ((i >= sm->fat_offset) && (i < (sm->fat_offset + (2 * sm->fat_size)))) 
+	if ((i >= sm->fat_offset) && (i < (sm->fat_offset + (2*sm->fat_size)))) 
 	  mpio_io_sector_write(m, mem, i, 
 			       (sm->fat + SECTOR_SIZE *
 				((i - sm->fat_offset) % sm->fat_size)));
diff --git a/libmpio/fat.h b/libmpio/fat.h
index 65e0857..8255311 100644
--- a/libmpio/fat.h
+++ b/libmpio/fat.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
  *
- * $Id: fat.h,v 1.8 2002/09/24 15:38:03 germeier Exp $
+ * $Id: fat.h,v 1.9 2002/10/06 21:19:50 germeier Exp $
  *
  * Library for USB MPIO-*
  *
@@ -28,14 +28,23 @@
 
 #include "defs.h"
 
+/* generate fresh boot sectors for formatting of external mem */
+BYTE    *mpio_mbr_gen(BYTE);
+BYTE    *mpio_pbr_gen(BYTE);
+
+/* only needed for external memory */
 int	mpio_bootblocks_read(mpio_t *, mpio_mem_t);
+int     mpio_mbr_eval(mpio_smartmedia_t *);
+int     mpio_pbr_eval(mpio_smartmedia_t *);
 
+/* functions on the FAT for internal *and* external */
 int	mpio_fat_read(mpio_t *, mpio_mem_t, mpio_callback_init_t);
 int	mpio_fat_write(mpio_t *, mpio_mem_t);
 int	mpio_fat_clear(mpio_t *, mpio_mem_t);
 int	mpio_fat_free_clusters(mpio_t *, mpio_mem_t);
 int	mpio_fat_free(mpio_t *, mpio_mem_t);
 
+/* functions to iterate through the FAT linked list(s) */
 mpio_fatentry_t *mpio_fatentry_new(mpio_t *, mpio_mem_t, DWORD, BYTE);
 int              mpio_fatentry_plus_plus(mpio_fatentry_t *);
 
@@ -57,9 +66,11 @@ int              mpio_fatentry_set_eof(mpio_t *, mpio_mem_t,
 int              mpio_fatentry_set_next(mpio_t *, mpio_mem_t, 
 					mpio_fatentry_t *, mpio_fatentry_t *);
 
+/* finding a file is fundamental different for internal mem */
 int	mpio_fat_internal_find_startsector(mpio_t *, BYTE);
 BYTE	mpio_fat_internal_find_fileindex(mpio_t *);
 
+/* mapping logical <-> physical for internal memory only */
 void mpio_fatentry_hw2entry(mpio_t *,  mpio_fatentry_t *);
 void mpio_fatentry_entry2hw(mpio_t *,  mpio_fatentry_t *);
 
diff --git a/libmpio/io.c b/libmpio/io.c
index 6a11866..50f856d 100644
--- a/libmpio/io.c
+++ b/libmpio/io.c
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* 
  *
- * $Id: io.c,v 1.17 2002/09/28 00:32:41 germeier Exp $
+ * $Id: io.c,v 1.18 2002/10/06 21:19:50 germeier Exp $
  *
  * Library for USB MPIO-*
  *
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ mpio_zone_block_find(mpio_t *m, mpio_cmd_t mem, DWORD lblock)
    */
   v = lblock + (sm->size/64);
 
-  if (lblock == MPIO_BLOCK_CIS) 
+  if ((lblock>=MPIO_BLOCK_CIS) && (lblock<(MPIO_BLOCK_CIS + BLOCK_SECTORS)))
     {
       zone  = 0;
       block = MPIO_BLOCK_CIS;
@@ -502,9 +502,10 @@ mpio_io_sector_read(mpio_t *m, BYTE mem, DWORD index, BYTE *output)
       sector = index;
     } else {      
       /* find the correct physical block first! */
-      if (index == MPIO_BLOCK_CIS) 
+      if ((index>=MPIO_BLOCK_CIS) && (index<(MPIO_BLOCK_CIS + BLOCK_SECTORS)))
 	{
-	  sector = mpio_zone_block_find(m, mem, index);
+	  sector = mpio_zone_block_find(m, mem, MPIO_BLOCK_CIS);
+	  sector+= (index % MPIO_BLOCK_CIS);
 	} else {
 	  sector = mpio_zone_block_find(m, mem, /* yuck */
 					((index / 0x20) - (sm->size/64)));
@@ -598,6 +599,23 @@ mpio_io_sector_write(mpio_t *m, BYTE mem, DWORD index, BYTE *input)
       exit (-1);
     }
 
+  /* we have to:
+   * - find the physical block (or allocate a new one)
+   * - calculate the logical block for zone management
+   */
+  block_address = index / MPIO_ZONE_LBLOCKS; /* easy! :-) */
+
+  if ((index % BLOCK_SECTORS) == 0)
+    {
+      /* this is the first write to the block, so allocate a new one */
+
+      /* mark it with the block_address */
+      
+    } else {
+      /* find the block from the block list! */
+      
+    }
+
   mpio_io_set_cmdpacket(m, PUT_SECTOR, mem, index, sm->size, 0, cmdpacket);
 
   debugn (5, "\n>>> MPIO\n");
@@ -616,23 +634,32 @@ mpio_io_sector_write(mpio_t *m, BYTE mem, DWORD index, BYTE *input)
   memset(sendbuff + SECTOR_SIZE, 0xff, 0x10);
   memcpy(sendbuff, input, SECTOR_SIZE);
   
-/*   if (mem==MPIO_EXTERNAL_MEM)  */
-/*     block_address = cluster2blockaddress(index, sm->size); */
-  
+  if (mem==MPIO_EXTERNAL_MEM)    
     {    
-      /* generate ECC information for spare area ! */
-      mpio_ecc_256_gen(sendbuff, 
-		       sendbuff + SECTOR_SIZE + 0x0d);
-      mpio_ecc_256_gen(sendbuff + (SECTOR_SIZE / 2), 
-		       sendbuff + SECTOR_SIZE + 0x08);
-      
-      ba = (block_address / 0x100) & 0xff;
-      sendbuff[SECTOR_SIZE + 0x06] = ba;
-      sendbuff[SECTOR_SIZE + 0x0b] = ba;
-      
-      ba = block_address & 0xff;
-      sendbuff[SECTOR_SIZE + 0x07] = ba;
-      sendbuff[SECTOR_SIZE + 0x0c] = ba;
+      if (index == MPIO_BLOCK_DEFECT) {
+	memset(sendbuff + SECTOR_SIZE, 0, 0x10);
+      } else {
+	
+	/* generate ECC information for spare area ! */
+	mpio_ecc_256_gen(sendbuff, 
+			 sendbuff + SECTOR_SIZE + 0x0d);
+	mpio_ecc_256_gen(sendbuff + (SECTOR_SIZE / 2), 
+			 sendbuff + SECTOR_SIZE + 0x08);
+	
+	if (index == MPIO_BLOCK_CIS) {
+	  memset(sendbuff + SECTOR_SIZE + 0x06, 0, 2);
+	  memset(sendbuff + SECTOR_SIZE + 0x0b, 0, 2);
+	} else {	  
+	  ba = (block_address / 0x100) & 0xff;
+	  sendbuff[SECTOR_SIZE + 0x06] = ba;
+	  sendbuff[SECTOR_SIZE + 0x0b] = ba;
+	  
+	  ba = block_address & 0xff;
+	  sendbuff[SECTOR_SIZE + 0x07] = ba;
+	  sendbuff[SECTOR_SIZE + 0x0c] = ba;
+	}
+	
+      }
     }
   
   /* easy but working, we write back the FAT info we read before */
@@ -659,7 +686,7 @@ mpio_io_sector_write(mpio_t *m, BYTE mem, DWORD index, BYTE *input)
  * read/write of blocks
  */
 int
-mpio_io_block_read(mpio_t *m, BYTE mem, mpio_fatentry_t *f, BYTE *output)
+mpio_io_block_read(mpio_t *m, mpio_mem_t mem, mpio_fatentry_t *f, BYTE *output)
 {
   int i=0;
   int nwrite, nread;
@@ -797,13 +824,11 @@ mpio_io_spare_read(mpio_t *m, BYTE mem, DWORD index, BYTE size,
 }
 
 int  
-mpio_io_block_delete(mpio_t *m, BYTE mem, mpio_fatentry_t *f)
+mpio_io_block_delete(mpio_t *m, mpio_mem_t mem, mpio_fatentry_t *f)
 {
-  mpio_smartmedia_t *sm;
-  int nwrite, nread;
-  BYTE cmdpacket[CMD_SIZE], status[CMD_SIZE];
   BYTE  chip=0;
   DWORD address;
+  mpio_smartmedia_t *sm;
 
   if (mem == MPIO_INTERNAL_MEM) sm = &m->internal;
   if (mem == MPIO_EXTERNAL_MEM) sm = &m->external;
@@ -811,7 +836,22 @@ mpio_io_block_delete(mpio_t *m, BYTE mem, mpio_fatentry_t *f)
   fatentry2hw(f, &chip, &address);
   mpio_zone_block_free(m, mem, address);
 
-/*  Send command packet to MPIO  */
+  return (mpio_io_block_delete_phys(m, chip, address));
+}
+
+int
+mpio_io_block_delete_phys(mpio_t *m, BYTE chip, DWORD address)
+{
+  mpio_smartmedia_t *sm;
+  int nwrite, nread;
+  BYTE cmdpacket[CMD_SIZE], status[CMD_SIZE];
+  
+  /*  Send command packet to MPIO  */
+  
+  if (chip == MPIO_INTERNAL_MEM) sm = &m->internal;
+  /* uhoh, this breaks if we have more than two internal chips! */
+  if (chip == (MPIO_INTERNAL_MEM+1)) sm = &m->internal;
+  if (chip == MPIO_EXTERNAL_MEM) sm = &m->external;
 
   mpio_io_set_cmdpacket(m, DEL_BLOCK, chip, address, sm->size, 0, cmdpacket);
 
@@ -842,8 +882,8 @@ mpio_io_block_delete(mpio_t *m, BYTE mem, mpio_fatentry_t *f)
 
   if (status[0] != 0xc0) 
     {
-      debug ("error formatting Block (%04x) %02x:%06x\n", 
-	     f->entry, chip, address);
+      debug ("error formatting Block %02x:%06x\n", 
+	     chip, address);
       return 0;
     }
   
@@ -851,7 +891,7 @@ mpio_io_block_delete(mpio_t *m, BYTE mem, mpio_fatentry_t *f)
 }
 
 int  
-mpio_io_block_write(mpio_t *m, BYTE mem, mpio_fatentry_t *f, BYTE *data)
+mpio_io_block_write(mpio_t *m, mpio_mem_t mem, mpio_fatentry_t *f, BYTE *data)
 {
   mpio_smartmedia_t *sm;
   int nwrite;
diff --git a/libmpio/io.h b/libmpio/io.h
index 44b3cbe..2b6d7d3 100644
--- a/libmpio/io.h
+++ b/libmpio/io.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* 
  *
- * $Id: io.h,v 1.9 2002/09/28 00:32:41 germeier Exp $
+ * $Id: io.h,v 1.10 2002/10/06 21:19:50 germeier Exp $
  *
  * Library for USB MPIO-*
  *
@@ -61,9 +61,11 @@ int	mpio_io_sector_read (mpio_t *, BYTE, DWORD, BYTE *);
 int	mpio_io_sector_write(mpio_t *, BYTE, DWORD, BYTE *);
 
 /* */
-int	mpio_io_block_read  (mpio_t *, BYTE, mpio_fatentry_t *, BYTE *);
-int	mpio_io_block_write (mpio_t *, BYTE, mpio_fatentry_t *, BYTE *);
-int	mpio_io_block_delete(mpio_t *, BYTE, mpio_fatentry_t *);
+int	mpio_io_block_read  (mpio_t *, mpio_mem_t, mpio_fatentry_t *, BYTE *);
+int	mpio_io_block_write (mpio_t *, mpio_mem_t, mpio_fatentry_t *, BYTE *);
+int	mpio_io_block_delete(mpio_t *, mpio_mem_t, mpio_fatentry_t *);
+/* needed for formatting of external memory */
+int	mpio_io_block_delete_phys(mpio_t *, BYTE, DWORD);
 
 /* */
 int	mpio_io_spare_read  (mpio_t *, BYTE, DWORD, BYTE, BYTE, BYTE *, int,
diff --git a/libmpio/mpio.c b/libmpio/mpio.c
index ec00f65..a20e46a 100644
--- a/libmpio/mpio.c
+++ b/libmpio/mpio.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
  *
- * $Id: mpio.c,v 1.29 2002/09/30 13:39:14 germeier Exp $
+ * $Id: mpio.c,v 1.30 2002/10/06 21:19:50 germeier Exp $
  *
  * Library for USB MPIO-*
  *
@@ -291,9 +291,12 @@ mpio_init(mpio_callback_init_t progress_callback)
       mpio_zone_init(new_mpio, MPIO_EXTERNAL_MEM);
 
       mpio_bootblocks_read(new_mpio, MPIO_EXTERNAL_MEM);
-      sm->fat = malloc(SECTOR_SIZE*sm->fat_size);
-      mpio_fat_read(new_mpio, MPIO_EXTERNAL_MEM, NULL);
-      mpio_rootdir_read(new_mpio, MPIO_EXTERNAL_MEM);
+      if (sm->fat) 		/* card might be defect */
+	{
+	  sm->fat = malloc(SECTOR_SIZE*sm->fat_size);
+	  mpio_fat_read(new_mpio, MPIO_EXTERNAL_MEM, NULL);
+	  mpio_rootdir_read(new_mpio, MPIO_EXTERNAL_MEM);
+	}
     }
   
   return new_mpio;  
@@ -657,6 +660,8 @@ mpio_memory_format(mpio_t *m, mpio_mem_t mem, mpio_callback_t progress_callback)
   mpio_fatentry_t   *f;
   DWORD clusters;
   BYTE abort = 0;
+  BYTE *cis, *mbr, *pbr;
+  int i;
 
   if (mem == MPIO_INTERNAL_MEM) 
     {    
@@ -672,41 +677,75 @@ mpio_memory_format(mpio_t *m, mpio_mem_t mem, mpio_callback_t progress_callback)
 
   clusters = sm->size*128;
 
-  /* clear the fat before anything else, so we can mark clusters defective
-   * if we found a bad block
-   */
-  mpio_fat_clear(m, mem);
   
-  f = mpio_fatentry_new(m, mem, data_offset, FTYPE_MUSIC);  
-  do 
+  if (mem==MPIO_INTERNAL_MEM) 
     {
-      if (!mpio_io_block_delete(m, mem, f))
-	mpio_fatentry_set_defect(m, mem, f);
-	
-      if (progress_callback)
+      /* clear the fat before anything else, so we can mark clusters defective
+       * if we found a bad block
+       */
+      /* external mem must be handled diffrently, 
+       * see comment(s) below!
+       */
+      mpio_fat_clear(m, mem);
+      f = mpio_fatentry_new(m, mem, data_offset, FTYPE_MUSIC);  
+      do 
 	{
-	  if (!abort) 
-	    {	      
-	      abort=(*progress_callback)(f->entry, sm->max_cluster + 1);
-	      if (abort)
-		debug("received abort signal, but ignoring it!\n");
-	    } else {
-	      (*progress_callback)(f->entry, sm->max_cluster + 1);
-	    }	      
-	}      
 	  
-    } while (mpio_fatentry_plus_plus(f));
-  free(f);
+	  if (!mpio_io_block_delete(m, mem, f))
+	    mpio_fatentry_set_defect(m, mem, f);
+	  
+	  if (progress_callback)
+	    {
+	      if (!abort) 
+		{	      
+		  abort=(*progress_callback)(f->entry, sm->max_cluster + 1);
+		  if (abort)
+		    debug("received abort signal, but ignoring it!\n");
+		} else {
+		  (*progress_callback)(f->entry, sm->max_cluster + 1);
+		}	      
+	    }      
+	  
+	} while (mpio_fatentry_plus_plus(f));
+      free(f);
+    }
 
   if (mem == MPIO_EXTERNAL_MEM) {    
+    /* delete all blocks! */
+
+    i=1; /* leave the "defect" first block alone for now */
+    while (i < sm->max_blocks)
+      {
+	mpio_io_block_delete_phys(m, mem, (i * BLOCK_SECTORS));	
+	i++;
+      }
+    
     /* format CIS area */
-    f = mpio_fatentry_new(m, mem,        /* yuck */
-			  (1-((sm->dir_offset + DIR_NUM)/BLOCK_SECTORS - 2)),
-			  FTYPE_MUSIC);
-    mpio_io_block_delete(m, mem, f);
+    f = mpio_fatentry_new(m, mem, MPIO_BLOCK_CIS, FTYPE_MUSIC);
+    /*     mpio_io_block_delete(m, mem, f); */
     free(f);
-    mpio_io_sector_write(m, mem, 0x20, sm->cis);
-    mpio_io_sector_write(m, mem, 0x21, sm->cis);    
+    cis = (BYTE *)mpio_cis_gen(); /* hmm, why this cast? */
+    mpio_io_sector_write(m, mem, MPIO_BLOCK_CIS,   cis);
+    mpio_io_sector_write(m, mem, MPIO_BLOCK_CIS+1, cis);    
+    free(cis);
+
+    /* generate boot blocks ... */
+    mbr = (BYTE *)mpio_mbr_gen(m->external.size);
+    pbr = (BYTE *)mpio_pbr_gen(m->external.size);
+    /* ... copy the blocks to internal memory structurs ... */
+    memcpy(sm->cis, cis, SECTOR_SIZE);
+    memcpy(sm->mbr, mbr, SECTOR_SIZE);
+    memcpy(sm->mbr, mbr, SECTOR_SIZE);
+    /* ... and set internal administration accordingly */
+    mpio_mbr_eval(sm);
+    mpio_pbr_eval(sm);
+    if (!sm->fat) 		/* perhaps we have to build a new FAT */
+      sm->fat=malloc(sm->fat_size*SECTOR_SIZE);
+    mpio_fat_clear(m, mem);    
+    /* TODO: for external memory we have to work a little "magic"
+     * to identify and mark "bad blocks" (because we have a set of
+     * spare ones!
+     */
   }
 
   mpio_rootdir_clear(m, mem);